Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution


TIFFANY HOWARD INSTITUTE FOR CONFLICT ANALYSIS AND RESOLUTION GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY MSN 4D3 ARLINGTON, VA 22201 Phone: (703) 993-3781 Fax: (703)-993-1302 E-mail: thoward3@gmu.edu Tiffany Howard Bio

EDUCATION	Ph.D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, May 2006 (Joint Public Policy and Political Science) M.A., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, September 2004 (Political Science) B.A., Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, May 2001 (Political Science- Summa Cum Laude)
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE	Assistant Professor-Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution and the School of Public Policy, George Mason University, 9/2006-present Conflict 610-Introduction to Research Methods and Research Design-Fall 2006 Graduate Student Instructor- Department of Political Science, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, 9/2002-12/2004 -Political Science 320-The Chief Executive-Fall 2004 (Grader) with- Professor Hanes Walton, Jr. -Political Science 592-Seminar on U.S. Immigration and Refugee Policy-Summer 2004 (Developed and Taught as Primary Instructor) -Political Science 300-Contemporary Political Ideologies-Winter 2004- with Professor Greg Markus -Political Science 111-Introduction to American Politics- Fall 2003- with Professor Hanes Walton Jr. -Political Science 300-Contemporary Political Ideologies- Winter 2003- with Professor Greg Markus -Political Science 353-History of the Arab Israeli Conflict- Fall 2002- with Professor Mark Tessler
RELATED EXPERIENCE	Educational Testing Services, Advanced Placement Exam Reader for Comparative Politics Functioned in the capacity of AP Exam Reader for Comparative Politics. Duties included reading and grading exams that test the preparedness of high school students for college level political science courses University of Michigan, Department of Education Gear Up Project Research Assistant for Professors Sherrie Kossoudji and Larry Gant Collected data and constructed visual tools and datasets. The Gear Up Project evaluates the academic progress of participant students from junior high to college entrance in an effort to develop a statewide strategy to reduce the achievement gap for underrepresented minority students in Michigan. University of Michigan, USIP Constitutions Project, Research Assistant for Professor Jennifer Widner Collected data and completed codebooks for several countries with recent constitutions. The USIP Constitution Project examines the comprehensive- ness of recent constitutions of several states in an effort to make claims regarding the political and economic viability of each state in the dataset. United States Air Force, Incirlik Air Base, Youth Services Programming Coordinator Worked as a Youth Services Programming Coordinator for the USAF Youth Center on the Incirlik Air Base in Adana, Turkey. Assisted the permanent staff with developing and implementing youth activities and programs for the children living on the military base. Office of Florida Governor Jeb Bush, Press Office Intern Worked as an intern on human interest stories, media advisories, press releases, and covered press conferences conducted by the Governor. Developed and pursued independent projects and story themes. U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, Congressional Aide Assisted Congressman Dale Kildee of Michigan and Congressman Clyburn of South Carolina and their staff with administrative duties, which fostered the development of critical organizational, management, and professional skills.
PROFESSIONAL/ ACADEMIC HONORS AND AWARDS	University of Michigan Debt Management Award ($10,000)-2006 University of Michigan-Department of Political Science Dissertation Thesis Writing Grant Award-2006 Horace H. Rackham Dissertation Writing Grant Award Recipient-2005 Nominated for the Brookings Institute-Foreign Policy Studies Fellowship-2005 Nominated for the Horace H. Rackham Pre-doctoral Fellowship-2005 Nominated for the John F. Kingdon Award for Outstanding Graduate Student Instructor in the University of Michigan, Department of Political Science-2004 Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc./Educational Advancement Foundation Merit Fellowship Award Recipient-2003 National Science Foundation Pre-doctoral Fellowship Honorable Mention-2003 Center for Afro-American and African Studies-African Initiative Fellowship Award Recipient-2003 Horace H. Rackham Merit Fellowship Award Recipient- 2001 Gerald R. Ford Pre-doctoral Fellowship Award Recipient-2001 Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Fellow-2000 Distinguished Scholars Presidential Award- Full Scholarship Award Recipient-1997
RESEARCH INTEREST & ACTIVITIES	Immigration Policy Nation-State Building International Refugee Policy Comparative Historical Analyses of Race and Gender Conflict, Terrorism and International Security Dissertation- "State Pressures and the Forced Migrant-Evaluating Global State Failure in an Effort to Ameliorate the Consequences of Forced Migration in the Developing World” Committee- John Jackson, University of Michigan-Chair Mary Corcoran, University of Michigan Sherrie Kossoudji, University of Michigan John Chamberlin, University of Michigan Jude Hays, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champagne Abstract- “[E]arly warning research poses major challenges for peace and conflict researchers. Few dynamic models are in use, and we know of none being used to forecast civil conflicts or humanitarian emergencies in a policy setting” (Harff and Gurr, 1998). This statement illustrates a frustrating phenomenon that is present in the study of preventative policy measures of crisis around the world. At present there are two major dislocations that have been identified by the international community as relevant episodes that require policy and aid responses: environmental and political crises. While there exist comprehensive early warning systems in place to address these environmental crises (Duffy et al. 1995), the same can not be said for political disasters. The use of forecasting models to predict humanitarian emergencies is a relatively recent occurrence though there are some instances where it has been done successfully (Schmeidl, 1995; Gurr, 1993; Fein 1993; Harff 1993; Clark 1983, 1989). Despite the success of these works, the use of forecasting models by social scientists is extremely rare due to the tendency of these models to lack a causal structure that can be used in future time frames. This dissertation addresses the need to model the complex processes of state failure and the humanitarian emergency, forced migration, by deviating from the traditionally used forecasting model and instead develops a global causal model of state failure that establishes a relationship between state failure and forced migration, and relies upon forced migration patterns to identify the point at which a nation deteriorates into failure. This relationship has yet to be established in the literature, but there is evidence to suggest that this relationship provides a more practical framework for understanding state failure and the causes of forced migration than previous statistical analyses of these factors alone. A greater understanding of what causes state failure and the relationship between the nature of the state and forced migration will allow policy makers to better predict, anticipate and prevent failure and subsequent forced migration.
PUBLICATIONS	"Solving the Problem: Debating Post-Conflict Refugee Strategies.” LBJ Journal of Public Affairs. Spring 2005 http://www.lbjjournal.org/PrintLBJArchives/2005/Spring%202005/08howard _sp2005.pdf “GEAR UP: Summary of Year Three Activities: Evaluation Report for Muskegon, Flint, and Detroit Districts.” State of Michigan Department of Career Development. July 2004. (Primary Investigators: Drs. Sherrie Kossoudji and Larry Gant). “Ending the Debate: Re-evaluating the Causes of Refugee Flows.” International Policy Solutions. Fall 2004 http://www-irps.ucsd.edu/IPS/Volume%201,%20Spring%202004 “The Black Conservative Era: Analyzing Young African Americans’ Growing Support for the GOP”. Ronald E. McNair Annual Journal. Volume 6, Summer 2000. Submitted for Publication “The Evolution of a Culture: Analyzing the Historical Development of the UNHCR’s Policy Responses to Forced Migration.” International Migration Review. Presentations “State Pressures and the Forced Migrant -Evaluating Global State Failure in an Effort to Ameliorate the Consequences of Forced Migration in the Developing World.” Presented at the American Political Science Association Annual Conference. September 3, 2006. “The Critical Point of Transition-Evaluating the Global Effects of State Failure.” Presented at the Southern Political Science Association Annual Conference. January 7, 2006. “Ending the Debate: Re-evaluating the Causes of Refugee Flows.” Presented at the Hawaii International Social Sciences Conference. June 17, 2004. “The Black Conservative Era: Analyzing Young African Americans’ Growing Support for the GOP.” Presented at the Sixth Annual SAEOPP/UTK McNair Scholars Conference. July 7, 2000. Works in Progress Conflict of Identities: Examining the Effect that Identity Adoption has on the Political Participation of Black, Latino and Asian American Immigrants in the United States State Pressures and the Forced Migrant-Evaluating Global State Failure in an Effort to Ameliorate the Consequences of Forced Migration in the Developing World (Book Manuscript) Revisiting the Causal Factors of State Failure: A Case Study of the Post-Reconstruction South and it is Impact on Black “Refugee” Migration to the North Sex, Power, and Politics-An Historical Analysis of the Mistress, Courtesan, and Consort-How These Women Used Sexuality to Achieve Political Power and their Role in Defining Contemporary Expressions of Feminine Power
RELEVANT VOLUNTEER EXPERIENCE	Students of Color of Rackham (SCOR)-Vice President- 2004-2005; Social Chair- 2003-2004; Inter-organizational Chair- 2002-2003 Department of Political Science-Graduate Affairs Committee Member-2003-2004 Rackham Student Government (RSG)- Rackham Appeals Panel Committee Member- 2001-2006 Political Scientists of Color (PSOC)- Recruitment Chair- 2002-2006 Campus Girl Scouts- Founder and Current Member- 2001-2006
MEMBERSHIPS	American Political Science Association Midwest Political Science Association Southern Political Science Association NAACP Phi Eta Sigma Political Science National Honor Society Golden Key International Honor Society Alpha Kappa Mu Honor Society Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated
SKILLS & CERTIFICATIONS	Spanish-Intermediate Reading, Writing, and Fluency Level- 6 years of study Turkish-Beginner Reading, Writing, and Fluency Level-6 months of study Proficient in STATA, SPSS, MS OFFICE, LEXIS-NEXIS American Red Cross Lifeguard, CPR, First-Aid Certified CCW License PADI Open Water Diver Certified